As the use of biometric data becomes more widespread, from facial recognition technology to fingerprint authentication, the sensitivity of this information is becoming a critical concern. The recent ChoiceDNA data breach, in which biometric data from their FACE IT DNA service was exposed online, highlights the serious risks associated with storing and handling such personal information. Understanding why biometric data is particularly sensitive and what the risks are when it’s exposed can help both individuals and organizations better protect this highly personal data.
What Makes Biometric Data So Sensitive?
Biometric data refers to unique physical or behavioral characteristics used to identify individuals. This can include:
- Facial features (used in facial recognition)
- Fingerprints
- Iris or retinal scans
- Voice patterns
- DNA
Unlike passwords or PINs, biometric data is intrinsically tied to a person’s identity. A fingerprint, facial scan, or DNA sequence is unique to each individual and cannot be easily altered or replaced if compromised. This makes biometric data incredibly valuable—and incredibly risky if it falls into the wrong hands.
1. Permanent and Unchangeable
Unlike passwords that can be reset or credit card numbers that can be changed, biometric data is permanent. If a hacker steals your biometric information, you cannot simply get a new face, fingerprint, or iris scan. This makes the long-term impact of a biometric data breach much more severe. Once compromised, that data is effectively exposed forever.
2. Personal Identifiers
Biometric data is used to verify identity, sometimes as a standalone method and sometimes as part of multi-factor authentication (MFA). It’s often considered more secure than traditional methods like passwords because it’s harder to replicate. However, the same feature that makes it useful for verification also makes it a prime target for identity theft.
3. Sensitive Nature
Because biometric data is drawn from physical and biological traits, its misuse can lead to severe privacy violations. For instance, DNA data can reveal sensitive personal health information or family relationships that someone may want to keep private. Misuse of facial recognition data, on the other hand, could allow for surveillance without consent or knowledge.
Potential Risks of Biometric Data Exposure
When biometric data is exposed online, either through a breach like the one at ChoiceDNA or other means, the consequences can be far-reaching. Criminals could even sell this data on the Dark Web Here are some of the most significant risks associated with such exposure:
1. Identity Theft and Fraud
Biometric data is increasingly being used for identity verification in financial services, healthcare, and government agencies. If hackers gain access to biometric information, they could use it to impersonate the victim, bypass security systems, and commit fraud. For example, compromised fingerprints or facial recognition data could allow unauthorized access to bank accounts, health records, or personal devices like smartphones.
Unlike a password, once biometric data is stolen, it’s much more difficult to secure your identity. A stolen fingerprint or face scan cannot simply be “reset” in the way a password can.
2. Deepfakes and Manipulation
Biometric data, especially facial images, can be used to create deepfakes—highly convincing but fake videos or images that mimic real individuals. Deepfakes can be used to impersonate people for various malicious purposes, including:
- Fraudulent financial transactions
- Spreading disinformation
- Damaging reputations or engaging in defamation
- Harassing or blackmailing individuals
The potential misuse of biometric data to create deepfakes is especially concerning as this technology becomes more advanced and accessible to bad actors.
3. Targeting and Surveillance
Biometric data, particularly facial recognition, can also be used for unauthorized surveillance. If facial recognition images are exposed, they can be misused for mass surveillance without consent. This not only violates privacy but can also lead to individuals being tracked, monitored, or even targeted for malicious reasons, such as discrimination or harassment.
In some cases, the misuse of biometric data for surveillance has already raised ethical concerns, particularly in authoritarian regimes where it’s been used to track dissidents or other at-risk groups. Even in democratic societies, the risk of corporate or governmental misuse of biometric data is a growing concern.
4. Exploitation in Healthcare and Insurance
DNA and other biometric data can reveal sensitive health information, such as genetic predispositions to diseases or other medical conditions. In the wrong hands, this data could be misused by health insurers to deny coverage, increase premiums, or discriminate against individuals based on their genetic information.
There is also the risk that such data could be used to exploit personal health information for profit. For instance, private companies could sell or share DNA data with third parties for targeted advertising or other commercial purposes without the individual’s knowledge or consent.
5. Larger Target for Cybercriminals
As more companies collect and store biometric data, large databases filled with this sensitive information become attractive targets for hackers. A breach involving biometric data can affect not just individuals, but thousands or even millions of people at once. The 2019 breach of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s facial recognition database, which exposed photos of nearly 100,000 travelers, is just one example of the scale of damage a biometric data breach can cause.
Since biometric data is permanent, the value of such data to cybercriminals is immense. It can be sold on the dark web, used to exploit victims for years, and make individuals more vulnerable to future cyberattacks.
Why the ChoiceDNA Breach is a Wake-Up Call
The ChoiceDNA data breach, where an estimated 8,000 documents containing facial recognition data were left unsecured, serves as a reminder of the sensitive nature of biometric data and the responsibilities that companies have in protecting it. This breach raised several concerns:
- It is unclear how long the data was publicly accessible or whether unauthorized parties accessed it.
- The company’s lack of response to the breach suggests poor data protection practices.
- Given the nature of the exposed data—biometric images used to verify family relationships—this breach could have long-lasting privacy consequences for those affected.
This incident demonstrates the importance of businesses adopting strong security measures when handling biometric data. It also highlights the need for consumers to be more vigilant about which companies they trust with their sensitive personal information.
Biometric data, due to its permanent, personal, and unique nature, is highly sensitive and should be treated with the utmost care. The risks of biometric data exposure—identity theft, fraud, deepfakes, unauthorized surveillance, and health data exploitation—are severe and long-lasting. The ChoiceDNA breach underscores the potential dangers of biometric data being mishandled or inadequately protected.
As companies continue to collect more biometric data, they must take significant steps to secure this information, while consumers should be cautious about which services they trust with their biometric data. Stronger privacy laws, better security protocols, and increased awareness about the sensitivity of biometric information are essential to protecting individuals in an increasingly data-driven world.